Water: Wastewater |
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| What is It? |
Wastewater is spent or used water, such as from households and businesses, that contains enough harmful material to damage the water's quality. Every building with running water generates some sort of wastewater. |
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| Why Should Our Community Care? |
If a city, district, or other entity owns and operates a wastewater collection or treatment system, it is responsible for protecting the health of its citizens and fulfilling the requirements set forth by state and federal rules and permits for collecting, treating, and discharging the wastewater.
Wastewater may contain contaminants such as oil, dirt, human waste, and chemicals. Untreated wastewater can cause serious harm to the environment and threaten human health. Proper management and disposal of wastewater is essential to protect public health and Idaho's water quality. |
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| What Can We Do? |
The information below covers four categories:
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All Projects |
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Prior to project approval, request that project information specify which requirements under Idaho's Wastewater Rules (IDAPA 58.01.16) and Idaho's Individual/Subsurface Sewage Disposal Rules (IDAPA 58.01.03) apply.
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Plan ahead by developing and using a comprehensive land use management plan, which includes the impacts of present and future wastewater management. Generally, DEQ recommends that all new projects be served by existing approved wastewater collection systems or centralized community wastewater systems whenever possible. |
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Local governments have the authority to implement ordinances that go beyond federal and state laws and regulations for management of wastewater. Determine what is best for the health and welfare of your community. |
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Understand the project's type of wastewater and its collection and treatment system prior to project approval. A project will generally fall under one of the following three categories: |
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If you are an owner (a city, district, or other entity) of an existing wastewater system, the following information applies: |
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Understand your responsibilities. If a city, district, or other entity owns and operates a wastewater collection or treatment system, it is responsible for protecting the health of its citizens and fulfilling the requirements set forth by state and federal rules and permits. |
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Different rules apply to different types of wastewater collection, treatment, and disposal systems in Idaho. Determine which type of system you operate. Wastewater collection, treatment, and disposal systems have four basic categories of requirements under Idaho's Wastewater Rules (IDAPA 58.01.16): |
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Construction and engineering |
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Ongoing monitoring |
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Reporting |
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Operation and maintenance |
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Understand your system by taking these steps: |
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Talk to the operator of the wastewater system to determine the status of the system as soon as you take office. |
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Understand the certification requirements needed by your operator. |
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Consider having a city and county elected official attend on-site inspections. While not required, it is a good idea for them to participate to understand the requirements and be aware of deficiencies. |
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If you receive any correspondence from state or federal agencies such as DEQ or the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), contact the agency directly with any questions. |
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Meet with regulating agencies, such as your DEQ regional office, to determine operating responsibilities, accountable parties, and the issues affecting your wastewater system. |
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Consider developing a facility plan for all wastewater systems, regardless of plans for growth. Doing so can help identify deficiencies in a system in advance of new projects so ample time is available to address problems or issues. Cities are responsible for continually ensuring adequate capacity. |
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Contact your DEQ regional office with any questions regarding expanding or modifying existing systems. |
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If your system has a lagoon, the Wastewater Rules require that all lagoons be seepage tested prior to April 15, 2012. Plan ahead to meet this deadline. |
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Identify and implement pollution prevention measures. |
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Local governments have the authority to implement ordinances that go beyond state and federal laws and regulations for management of wastewater. Determine what is best for the health and welfare of your community. |
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Projects that Expand Existing Wastewater Systems |
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DEQ recommends verifying that adequate sewer capacity is available to serve projects. Prior to project approval, the city and county may want to contact the sewer provider for three items:
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A capacity statement |
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A declining balance report |
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Willingness to serve the project |
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All facilities should have a DEQ-approved facility plan that outlines current capacity and future expansions needed to expand capacity. If the existing facility plan is inadequate to cover new projects, a new facility plan should be prepared and submitted to DEQ unless the new project is classified as a simple wastewater main extension and capacity can be determined without a new facility plan. Developing a facility plan can help identify deficiencies in a system in advance of new projects so ample time is available to address problems or issues. |
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According to Idaho's Wastewater Rules, all systems proposing major wastewater system collection projects, pump station projects, treatment plant designs or upgrades, or new septage transfer stations are required to submit a project-specific engineering report for review and approval by DEQ prior to submitting plans and specifications for the wastewater collection or treatment system.
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All projects involving wastewater collection systems, wastewater treatment plants, or wastewater disposal systems must be designed by a professional engineer registered in Idaho. Plans and specifications need to be approved prior to construction. Refer to Idaho Code §39-118 to determine design review authority. |
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For existing wastewater systems with adequate capacity, the plans for simple wastewater main extensions may qualify to be reviewed and approved prior to initiation of construction by a qualified licensed professional engineer. Refer to Idaho Code §39-118 for applicability. These simple wastewater main extensions are the only wastewater projects that require no plan review coordination with DEQ. Additionally, at the discretion of any city, county, quasi-municipal corporation, or regulated public utility, projects that fall under Idaho Code §39-118 may be referred to DEQ for approval. |
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DEQ does not review plans for individual gravity service lines; these should be reviewed by the State Plumbing Bureau and/or the local building department. Contact DEQ to discuss requirements on any other service line that includes mechanical components. |
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Projects that Propose New Public Wastewater Systems |
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All projects involving new wastewater collection, treatment, or disposal systems must be designed by a professional engineer registered in Idaho. Refer to Idaho Code §39-118 to determine applicability of DEQ design review.
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According to Idaho's Wastewater Rules, DEQ recommends that a city or county consider the following when approving or constructing new public wastewater collection, treatment, or disposal systems: |
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Schedule a pre-design meeting with DEQ prior to preparing facility plans, engineering reports, or plans and specifications for a new public wastewater collection system. |
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Plans and specifications must be approved by DEQ prior to construction. |
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Before submitting plans and specifications for the wastewater collection, treatment, or disposal system for review and approval by DEQ, all new systems must have a project-specific engineering report and a current facility plan approved by DEQ. The facility plan is a planning document that covers items such as the proposed location, population, and wastewater system(s) and should be prepared and submitted to DEQ prior to design of the wastewater infrastructure. Ideally, a facility plan would also be used to support and supplement planning and zoning requests.
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If a project includes a private municipal wastewater treatment plant, the minimum design capacity for such plants is 25,000 gallons per day based on average day flows. |
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Per the Idaho Wastewater Rules, owners of private municipal wastewater treatment plants must receive a draft National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit, a draft wastewater reuse permit, or a final subsurface treatment and disposal system (SSDS) permit before DEQ will approve plans and associated specifications for collection and treatment systems. Therefore, communities approving projects may want to consider this requirement when scheduling timelines and understand the wastewater treatment plant’s effluent discharge proposed for a project. |
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NPDES permit. If wastewater treatment plant effluent will reach state waters, an NPDES permit issued by EPA will be required for the proposed discharge. Permits may be difficult and time-consuming to obtain. |
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Wastewater reuse permit. If a project proposes reuse of wastewater (for irrigation or land application, for instance), a wastewater reuse permit is required from DEQ. |
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Subsurface treatment and disposal system (SSDS). If effluent from the wastewater treatment plant will be discharged to ground water through a subsurface disposal system, a permit from the local health department will be required. DEQ review and approval may also be necessary. |
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Subsurface Treatment and Disposal System (SSDS) |
| There are two common types of subsurface treatment and disposal systems: 1) community subsurface treatment and disposal systems and 2) individual on-site wastewater systems. |
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- . If a project indicates that a community septic system will be used, details on this system will need to be provided to the local Public Health District. The system may qualify as a large soil absorption system (LSAS), which is a subsurface sewage disposal system that receives wastewater from two or more homes or buildings or receives more than 2,500 gallons per day of wastewater.
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- Individual on-site wastewater systems. Individual septic systems are on-site wastewater systems that discharge wastewater into an underground tank where solids and water are separated.
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DEQ has established minimum standards, the Individual/Subsurface Sewage Disposal Rules, for the design, construction, siting, and use of individual and subsurface sewage disposal systems. The rules also establish requirements for obtaining an installation permit and an installer's registration permit. These rules are administered by Idaho's seven local Public Health Districts through a Memorandum of Understanding (pdf 1.0 mb, 17 pages) with DEQ. Contact your local Public Health District during initial project planning efforts to understand system requirements.
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On-site subsurface wastewater disposal systems (such as septic systems) have the potential to transport pollutants from sewage to ground water. To help prevent this, nutrient-pathogen evaluations (N-P evaluations) may be required for certain proposed on-site wastewater disposal systems. If an N-P evaluation is not required by the health department, the local government may decide to assess a project's impacts to groundwater and request an N-P evaluation. [Note: The term "N-P evaluation" will soon be replaced by "Water Quality Impact Analysis (WQIA) ".]
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| Resources |
Need a permit? |
Have a question? |
Drinking Water and Wastewater in Idaho: Guidance for Engineers and Developers |
Pollution Prevention in Wastewater Collection and Treatment |
Pollution Prevention Handbook: Sewage and Wastewater Treatment Plants |
EPA Wastewater Municipal Technologies
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For more information on wastewater, visit DEQ's Wastewater Web page. |